The Thinking Ocean (2026)

“Both poetic and visually striking, The Thinking Ocean invites us to rethink our relationship to nature and bodies of water, in particular. Drawing parallels between thinking, consciousness, fluid flows and computation, the work highlights the ‘operating systems’ we share with the natural environment.”

— Christiane Paul, Curator of Digital Art at the Whitney.

Commissioned by Whitney Museum of American Art for its artport website

Explore it live: https://whitney.org/exhibitions/the-thinking-ocean

The Thinking Ocean explores whether natural dynamic systems like oceans, rivers, winds, storms — which according to very recent research could be Turing complete — might themselves be capable of thought. And questions why we propose granting personhood and even consciousness to AI, while overlooking the complex computations already happening in water, air, and other planetary systems. It also highlights that in permanently altering our water systems (which our body is one), we are altering our own greater bodies: a living system so complex and relational that we don’t even understand it; and in doing so diminishing our own consciousness along with it.

Part of the Cosmosapience series, a continuation of the Superradiance project.

Whitney Press Release

Excerpts

The work is an online interactive generative experience, below are some excerpts rendered as video

Play

Background

Recent research has shown that Navier–Stokes equations — which govern the movement of fluids like water and air — are Turing complete, i.e. in principle, fluid flows can perform any computation that a digital computer can.

Building on this, our new project raises the questions: If computation is being taken as a criterion for ‘thinking,‘ or even ‘consciousness,’ then what natural systems might already qualify that we are overlooking?

Why do we grant personhood to AI while denying it to natural systems like rivers, oceans, the atmosphere, and more?

The piece highlights our bias of granting agency or consciousness to machines that mimic human behavior, while overlooking the complex computations happening in natural systems all around us.

Ultimately, this work is a provocation to consider whether natural systems — that are now known to be Turing Complete, such as water and air — might be capable of thought, and if so, how are we altering those systems, those thoughts?

Images

Script

01 Intro

There has never been stillness. Life has always been flow

They say thinking is computation, that computers can think They say emotions are computation, that computers could feel They say consciousness is computation, that computers might be conscious

Fluid flow is computation Fluid flow is Turing-complete Water, in motion, could run any program your computer can

What might the oceans, rivers and atmospheres be computing, right now?

if computation can be mind, then mind could be anywhere water flows

02 The Living Planet

We are not all the ocean is, but we are nothing without it

In 1968 two decades before the World Wide Web astronauts saw something extraordinary for the first time

their entire body a radiant, living planet, hurtling through the void

Capturing energy from the cosmos broadcasting it back with a message

we are the water planet, and we are alive

We sent a Golden Record into space They said it was our first message to the cosmos

But we have already been broadcasting for billions of years a message encoded in light

Sunlight, transformed: through currents, waves, and rivers; forests, clouds and storms reefs and roots, lungs and gills and skin.

Transmitted back with a spectral fingerprint green, cloud-white sea glint the shifting “red edge” of trees the deep blue of the ocean and the long infrared glow of a living planet

I feel the infrasonic heartbeat of the ocean. A pressure, a vibration, a sense that something hovers just beneath the blade of perception

03 If then

if computation can be mind, then mind could be anywhere water flows

If water is Turing complete, and thinking is computation what might the oceans be thinking as we choke the great gyres and slow the oceanic overturnings — the beating heart of a planetary engine a circulatory system of heat and salt?

If water is Turing complete, and thinking is computation what might your blood flowing through your veins be thinking, right now?

While we try to locate intelligence — and even consciousness — in the connectome of our neocortex what are we missing, that’s stirring in the fluid-flows of our bodies? In our blood? In our cells? In our cytoplasm?

Perhaps these flows also give rise to our own consciousness.

If water is Turing complete, and thinking is computation while we look for intelligence — and even consciousness — in artificial neural networks what might the water, trapped in pipes, cooling data centers, be thinking right now? as we project personhood onto corporate machines that mimic human behaviours, but not the complex natural systems of life?

04 Where did thinking begin?

We crawled onto land, and we brought the ocean with us

Where did thinking begin?

We know every core function of our biology was coded in water Ion gradients, membranes, electrochemical signals, metabolism, reproduction the basic architecture of cells.

Our operating system was written underwater.

We crawled onto land, but we brought the ocean with us.

One millionth of all water on the planet is inside living beings, including you and me.

Look at the ocean, and look at your hand. You’ll see two bodies of water.

When I look out at the sea, something older than memory looks back a billion ancestral years in that longing

We see our lungs and our blood for what they are tiny vessels and streams in a planetary flow

Our nerves also do not stop at the skin they fiber out into the salt and memory of a planetary sea Our bodies extend into the world Our minds do too

You didn’t escape the ocean. You learned to carry it inside you

We are not all the ocean is, but we are nothing without it.

Deny its personhood, and you deny your own.

05 What is an Ocean?

What is an ocean?

It is collective becoming Deny its personhood, and you deny your own

Computation isn’t a property of machines, but of patterns The same patterns could also be found in oceans, rivers and the atmosphere

Today, a new message comes online echoes across the network We are writing new symbols onto the great gyres, the currents of life

We have killed the old gods the spiritual stewards and monsters of our mythic past We will meet new ones in the new choreography of the ocean

Tides unfold plastic messages along the shore Waves throw our forever chemicals back into the air into the atmosphere into our lungs into our blood into our body into our mind

In my own body, I feel the severance from planetary time from planetary body from planetary memory

We diminish this connection, we diminish our own consciousness

They say thinking is computation, that computers can think They say emotions are computation, that computers could feel They say consciousness is computation, that computers might be conscious

Fluid flow is computation

Outro

I stand before you today nourished by ancient oceans warmed by ancient starlight a body of water a skeleton of rock a pulse of energy passing through my body back to the universe blue-green with life.

We mulch. We leak

Flow is not smooth it is erratic it is erotic It vibrates through blood, mucus, cartilage through plankton blooms and power lines hyphae and polyps Mycorrhizal networks and spiderwebs

Water flows through Everything that has ever lived, flowed, mulched, leaked on the way back to the stars

Life is a process Life is flow

Look at the ocean, then at your hand These are two bodies of water

We diminish this connection we diminish our own consciousness

They say thinking is computation They say emotions are computation They say consciousness is computation

Fluid flow is Turing-complete

Fluid flow is computation

Water, in motion, could run any program your computer can

Perhaps the fluid flows of our bodies also give rise to our own consciousness

If computation can be mind, then mind could be anywhere water flows

What if thinking doesn’t arise within systems but between them? What if emotions don’t arise within beings but between them? What if consciousness doesn’t arise within bodies but between them?

In entanglement in relationship in flow

If computation can be mind, then mind could be anywhere water flows

Credits and Acknowledgements

Artists: Memo Akten and Katie Hofstadter

Commissioned by Whitney Museum of American Art for its artport website

Developed in dialogue with researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s SOARS Lab (Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator).

Made with opensource software: threejs (and webgpu)

Exhibitions & Performances

This is a partial list — only events with dedicated project pages are shown. For a complete list, see Shows & Events.

Details

Medium
Interactive Web, Video, Live Performance
Duration
generative seamless loops or video, variable
Dimensions
variable
Technique
Choreography and dance, poetry, custom software, computer vision and motion tracking, simulation, digital painting, WebGPU, custom software